Jan 13, 2026 | By, For Pet's Sake

Protecting pets from winter’s health hazards

As winter settles across Maryland, pet parents should remember that cold weather can affect our furry friends just as much as it does people. Even pets with thick coats or indoor shelter can face several health challenges during the colder months. From hypothermia and frostbite to dry skin and respiratory illnesses, understanding common winter-related issues is key to keeping your pet safe, comfortable, and healthy all season long.

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when a pet’s body temperature drops dangerously low due to prolonged exposure to cold weather. Small breeds, senior pets, and animals with thin or short coats are especially vulnerable. Common signs of hypothermia include shivering or trembling, weakness or lethargy, cold skin and ears, and slow or labored breathing.

If your pet is showing any of these symptoms, bring them indoors immediately and contact your veterinarian. Even mild cases of hypothermia can quickly become serious without prompt treatment.

Frostbite

Frostbite occurs when body tissue—most commonly on the paws, ears, tail, or nose—freezes due to extreme cold. It’s more than just uncomfortable; frostbite can cause serious tissue damage and may require veterinary treatment if not caught early. Warning signs include pale or blue-tinted skin, swelling, blistering, and sensitivity or pain when touched.

To help reduce the risk, limit outdoor time during extreme cold and consider protective gear, such as pet booties, if your pet will tolerate them.

Dry skin and irritation

Winter’s dry air from both outdoors and indoor heating can leave pets with dry, flaky, and uncomfortable skin. Some pets may excessively lick or scratch affected areas, which can lead to irritation or even skin infections. Regularly checking your pet’s skin and paws, especially after outdoor time, can help catch issues early.

If your pet is experiencing dryness, using a gentle, pet-safe moisturizer or speaking with your veterinarian about omega-3 fatty acid supplements may help support healthy skin throughout the winter months.

Respiratory infections and indoor health risks

Cold and dry winter conditions make respirator infections more likely for both dogs and cats. Kennel cough, upper respiratory infections and even flu-like symptoms can spread more easily when pets spend longer periods indoors. Watch for symptoms like sneezing, coughing, a runny nose or difficulty breathing. If your pet shows persistent symptoms, consult your veterinarian.

Arthritis and joint pain

Chilly winter weather can worsen joint pain in pets with arthritis or existing orthopedic conditions. Signs to watch for include stiffness, reluctance to jump, or difficulty getting up, which may indicate that the cold is affecting your pet.

Providing warm bedding, encouraging gentle indoor exercise, and discussing joint supplements or pain management strategies with your veterinarian can help keep your pet comfortable throughout the season.

Toxic winter hazards

Certain substances commonly used in winter, like antifreeze and de-icing salts, pose a serious threat if ingested. Antifreeze, in particular, has a sweet taste that attracts animals but is highly toxic and can lead to kidney failure. Always wipe your pet’s paws after walks, use pet-safe ice-melting products whenever possible, and store all automotive and chemical products securely out of reach.

Winter checklist: Keeping pets healthy during cold months

Winter brings its own set of challenges for pets. By recognizing common health issues early and taking simple preventative steps, you can help your furry family members stay safe, comfortable, and healthy throughout the season.

Visit our For Pet’s Sake page throughout the year for more pet safety tips and tricks.